Colombia has been inhabited by various indigenous peoples since at least 12,000 BCE, including the Muisca, Quimbaya and Tairona. The Spanish landed first in La Guajira in 1499 and by the mid-16th century colonized parts of the region, establishing the New Kingdom of Granada, with Santa Fé de Bogotá as its capital. Independence from the Spanish Empire was achieved in 1819, with what is now Colombia emerging as the United Provinces of New Granada. The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation (1858) and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886. Panama seceded in 1903, leading to Colombia’s present borders. Beginning in the 1960s, the country has suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence, both of which escalated in the 1990s. Since 2005, there has been significant improvement in security, stability and rule of law, as well as unprecedented economic growth and development.[13][14]
Colombia is one of the world’s seventeen megadiverse countries; it has the second-highest level of biodiversity in the world.[15] Its territory encompasses Amazon rainforest, highlands, grasslands and deserts. It is the only country in South America with coastlines and islands along both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
Colombia is a member of major global and regional organizations including the UN, the WTO, the OECD, the OAS, the Pacific Alliance and the Andean Community; it is also a NATO Global Partner.[16] Its diversified economy is the third-largest in South America, with macroeconomic stability and favorable long-term growth prospects.[
The diversity of coffee and profiles found across Colombia is enormous and coffee is harvested practically year-round depending on the region. The main harvest takes place from October to February with November and December being the peak months.
Key Coffee Regions: Nariño, Cauca, Meta, Huila, Tolima, Quindio, Caldas, Risaralda, …
Percentage of world coffee market: 10%
Typical Harvest Times: March-June; September-December
Ecopetrol, formerly known as Empresa Colombiana de Petróleos S.A. (English: Colombian Petroleum Co.) is the largest and primary petroleum company in Colombia. As a result of its continuous growth, Ecopetrol forms part of the Fortune Global 500 and was ranked 346.[3] In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Ecopetrol was ranked as the 313th -largest public company in the world.[4] It was ranked 303 in 2012 by CNN Money.[5] The company belongs to the group of 25 largest petroleum companies in the world, and it is one of the four principal petroleum companies in Latin America.[
https://coffeehunter.com › colombia
Colombia – Mercanta
Maxwell House coffee Prescott Bush and the Dulles Brothers
[cia-drugs] Fwd: Old Habits Die Hard — Prescott Bush, Dulles Bros. and Fascist Coup d’Etats
RoadsEnd Wed, 25 Jul 2007 19:48:42 -0700
Begin forwarded message:
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: July 25, 2007 7:38:26 PM PDT
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Old Habits Die Hard — Prescott Bush, Dulles Bros. and Fascist Coup d’Etats
http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2007/07/the-plot- agains.html#more
BBC: Prescott Bush co-conspirator in coup plot against FDR
July 25, 2007
An email brings a link to a radio program at the BBC on an attempted coup during the Roosevelt presidency:
The Whitehouse Coup, BBC: Document uncovers details of a planned coup in the USA in 1933 by right-wing American businessmen The coup was aimed at toppling President Franklin D Roosevelt with the help of half-a-million war veterans. The plotters, who were alleged to involve some of the most famous families in America (owners of Heinz, Birds Eye, Goodtea, Maxwell House and George Bush’s Grandfather, Prescott) believed that their country should adopt the policies of Hitler and Mussolini to beat the great depression. Mike Thomson investigates why so little is known about this biggest ever peacetime threat to American democracy.
[Listen to this programme in full] [View a picture gallery of images related to this edition] http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/ document/document_20070723.shtml
Dynastic Successions Book 