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From 1952 to 1961 Nixon did what he did since 1946, fight communism withe the Espionage system of Wild Bill Donovan, J. Edgar Hoover, and others.
This included war in Vietnam, Guatamala, and elsewhere but using CIA backed undercover operatoes with US role hidden.
“Peace with Honor” was a phrase U.S. President Richard M. Nixon used in a speech on January 23, 1973 to describe the Paris Peace Accords to end the Vietnam War. The phrase is a variation on a campaign promise Nixon made in 1968: “I pledge to you that we shall have an honorable end to the war in Vietnam.”[1] The Accords specified that a ceasefire would take place four days later. According to the plan, within sixty days of the ceasefire, the North Vietnamese would release all U.S. prisoners, and all U.S. troops would withdraw from South Vietnam. On March 29, 1973, the last U.S. soldier left Vietnam. On 30 April 1975, Saigon fell to North Vietnamese troops.[2]
Closely connected with the phrase is the idea that Nixon claimed in 1968 to have a secret plan to end the war. Nixon never made such a claim during his campaign, but neither did he explain how he would achieve peace. Therefore the assumption that he had a secret plan became a widespread belief and is commonly misattributed as a direct quote.[3]
John F. Kennedy, Daneil Ellsberg, RFK, and others thought the war was unwinnable and as fought unstomachable and a wrongful goal to be achieved by any means.
The Kennedy and Nixon camps split historically.
The troika of David Powers Kenneth O’Donnell and Larry o’brien went their separate ways Dave powers became the founding director of the JFK library and presided at its dedication by president carter in 1979. Larry O’Brien stayed in politics for a while as chairman of the democratic national committee his office was the primary target of the notorious Watergate break-in in 1972.
He later served with distinction as commissioner of the national basketball association things did not end as happily for Kenny O’Donnell he never came to terms with the deaths of jack and bobby and struggling with alcohol he died in 1977 aged just 54.
As for the Kennedys they continue to intrigue and fascinate and to play a significant role in Irish-American relations for 47 years ted Kennedy represented Massachusetts in the u.s senate ted Kennedy was probably the best politician of the Kennedys
by far he became a very good politician much like honey fitz his grandfather more much more so than his two brothers jack and bobby ted knew how to work the levers of power in the senate and he was arguably the greatest legislator certainly one of the greatest legislators of the 20th century in America he subsequently agitated positively for irish affairs in
the united states right up to his death in 2009.I mean the contribution he made to Ireland beginning in the 1970s when he’s collaborating with Tip O’Neill and Hugh Carey and Daniel Patrick Moynihan uh in the 70s and 80s and then of course the role that he played in the Irish peace process is historic and in a wonderful sort of end to a story that begins with
famine immigrants and ends with you know senator Kennedy coming to Ireland’s rescue in its hour of need there’s a wonderful poetry to that Jean Kennedy smith as u.s ambassador to Ireland played a key behind-the-scenes role in the IRA ceasefire and subsequent Irish peace process.But what was it about the Irish mafia jack and bobby’s friends and confidants that made them so important to America’s first family there was such a deep sense of loyalty and friendship and almost a family-like love that those men shared these guys set aside their lives in devotion to jack kennedy and they did it happily that was a very very powerful bond these were insiders these were people who could be trusted with their secrets he could trust them and they were loyal in the tough times none of those people none of them ever broke ranks with the president they were there at the beginning they were there at the end.
https://youtu.be/2pUmLlg6tcs JFK’s Deep Rooted Irish Connections | Kennedy’s Irish Mafia Timeline – World History Documentaries
Timeline – World History Documentaries
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Much of the split with the CIA and the Kennedys was on what is now called Regime Change the PsyOps conducted topples of leadership within countries to bring about puppet governments that look like they serve their own people and were chosen by their own people.
The policies related to Vietnam, Indonesia, Latin America (including Cuba) and even the Republic of Ireland were in the disputed policy forms.
City on the hill who will gather allies if attacked, or enemy who has conquered satellites in its range? Kennedy favored the earlier as security over the latter. The military didn’t WANT a Cuba that was leaning toward the USA it wanted a Cuba that was under direct control of the USA.
That is how security thinks.
The team of fixers President Nixon assembled were made of of those who were his operarates when he was Vice President 1953 to 1961 and as President nixon in 1969 began Targeting the Kennedy administration he helped assasinate.
Daniel Ellsberg (born April 7, 1931) is an American political activist, and former United States military analyst. While employed by the RAND Corporation, Ellsberg precipitated a national political controversy in 1971 when he released the Pentagon Papers, a top-secret Pentagon study of the U.S. government decision-making in relation to the Vietnam War, to The New York Times, The Washington Post and other newspapers.
On January 3, 1973, Ellsberg was charged under the Espionage Act of 1917 along with other charges of theft and conspiracy, carrying a total maximum sentence of 115 years. Because of governmental misconduct and illegal evidence-gathering, and the defense by Leonard Boudin and Harvard Law School professor Charles Nesson, Judge William Matthew Byrne Jr. dismissed all charges against Ellsberg on May 11, 1973.
Ellsberg was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 2006. He is also known for having formulated an important example in decision theory, the Ellsberg paradox; for his extensive studies on nuclear weapons and nuclear policy; and for having voiced support for WikiLeaks, Chelsea Manning, and Edward Snowden. Ellsberg was awarded the 2018 Olof Palme Prize for his “profound humanism and exceptional moral courage.”[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ellsberg
Nixon CREEP (SIU burglars and espionage units) uses FBI agents and others of 1952 to 1960 like G. Gordon Liddy who worked for J. Edgar Hoover under Nixon as ghost writer for CIA propaganda in the movies and and E. Howard Hunt an oil family CIA agent with Divincia code date. They likely are trying to reelect Nixon by hiding Nixon Bush Cheney Ford Rumsfeld hit on JFK and thus break into JFKs old staffers offices.
Grip is loosening after J. Edgar Hoover dies still in office at the FBI, at least Nixon and others fear as they wonder what will happen at FBI.
The true story of The White House Plumbers, a secret unit inside Nixon’s White House, and their ill-conceived plans stop the leaking of the Pentagon Papers, and how they led to Watergate and the President’s demise. On July 17, 1971, Egil “Bud” Krogh was summoned to a closed-door meeting by his mentor–and a key confidant of the president–John Ehrlichman. Expecting to discuss the most recent drug control program launched in Vietnam, Krogh was shocked when Ehrlichman handed him a file and the responsibility for the Special Investigations Unit, or SIU, later to be notoriously known as “The Plumbers.”
The Plumbers’ work, according to Nixon, was critical to national security: they were to investigate the leaks of top secret government documents, including the Pentagon Papers, to the press.
Driven by blind loyalty, diligence, and dedication, Krogh, along with his co-director, David Young, set out to handle the job, eventually hiring G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt, who would lead the break-in to the office of Dr. Fielding, a psychiatrist treating Daniel Ellsberg, the man they suspected was doing the leaking. Krogh had no idea that his decisions would soon lead to one of the most famous conspiracies in presidential history and the demise of the Nixon administration.
The White House Plumbers is Krogh’s account of what really happened behind the closed doors of the Nixon White House, and how a good man can make bad decisions, and the redemptive power of integrity. Including the story of how Krogh served time and later rebuilt his life, The White House Plumbers is gripping, thoughtful, and a cautionary tale of placing loyalty over principle. https://www.powells.com/book/white-house-plumbers-the-seven-weeks-that-led-to-watergate-doomed-nixons-presidency-9781250851628?
Egil “Bud” Krogh Jr. (August 3, 1939 – January 18, 2020) was an American lawyer who became infamous as an official of the Nixon Administration and who was imprisoned for his part in the Watergate Affair. He was Senior Fellow on Ethics and Leadership at the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress and Counselor to the Director at the School for Ethics and Global Leadership. Krogh co-authored the book Integrity: Good People, Bad Choices, and Life Lessons from the White House with his son Matthew.[1] The book is the basis for the HBO series White House Plumbers.[2]
Private sector
In 1980, after being readmitted to the practice of law,[8] Krogh became a partner at Krogh & Leonard [9] in Seattle and provided legal, consulting, and mediation services to energy and other clients.[10] In 2007, Krogh and his son Matthew wrote the book Integrity: Good People, Bad Choices, and Life Lessons from the White House.[11] The upcoming HBO limited series White House Plumbers, starring Woody Harrelson and Justin Theroux, is partly based on Integrity.[2] He was a frequent lecturer on the topic of legal ethics,[12] having visited many schools, bar associations and other gatherings of lawyers and judges. As of 2014, he was a speaker at events where he talked about his experiences.[13]
On January 27, 1972, G. Gordon Liddy, Finance Counsel for the Committee for the Re-Election of the President (CRP) and former aide to John Ehrlichman, presented a campaign intelligence plan to CRP’s acting chairman Jeb Stuart Magruder, Attorney General John Mitchell, and Presidential Counsel John Dean that involved extensive illegal activities against the Democratic Party.
According to Dean, this marked “the opening scene of the worst political scandal of the twentieth century and the beginning of the end of the Nixon presidency”.
Mitchell viewed the plan as unrealistic. Two months later, Mitchell approved a reduced version of the plan, including burglarizing the Democratic National Committee’s (DNC) headquarters at the Watergate Complex in Washington, D.C. to photograph campaign documents and install listening devices in telephones. Liddy was nominally in charge of the operation,[citation needed] but has since insisted that he was duped by both Dean and at least two of his subordinates, which included former CIA officers E. Howard Hunt and James McCord, the latter of whom was serving as then-CRP Security Coordinator after John Mitchell had by then resigned as attorney general to become the CRP chairman.
After graduating in 1957, G Gordon Liddy worked for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) under J. Edgar Hoover and VP Nixon as E. Howard Hunt worked for the CIA during the Nixon hit on JFK. Patricia Nixon Cox (née Nixon; born February 21, 1946) is the elder daughter of the 37th United States president Richard Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon, and sister to Julie Nixon Eisenhower. Julie Nixon Eisenhower (née Nixon; born July 5, 1948) is an American author who is the younger daughter of former U.S. president Richard Nixon and his wife Pat Nixon.
Her husband David is the grandson of former U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower and his wife Mamie Eisenhower. Born in Washington, D.C. in 1948, while her father was a Congressman, Julie and her elder sister, Patricia Nixon Cox, grew up in the public eye.
Her father was elected U.S. Senator from California when she was two and Vice President of the United States when she was four. Her 1968 marriage to David Eisenhower was seen as a union between two of the most prominent political families in the United States. Francis Anthony Nixon (December 3, 1878 – September 4, 1956) was an American rancher, grocer, gas station owner, and the father of U.S. President Richard Nixon.
Francis Donald Nixon (November 23, 1914 – June 27, 1987) was a younger brother of United States President Richard Nixon.
He was involved in Robert F. Kennedy’s death as “Don” Nixon tried to get even under threats of blackmail Senator and declared POTUS candidate Robert F. Kennedy to former CIA Director McCones Atomic Energy Commission Proving Ground in Nevada were The Gadget was exploded it seems James Paul Donegan at that blast certainly in the tower depicted in newsreel coverage of the event.
In his second term, Nixon ordered an airlift to resupply Israeli losses in the Yom Kippur War, a conflict which led to the oil crisis at home.
By late 1973, the Nixon administration’s involvement in Watergate eroded his support in Congress and the country. On August 9, 1974, facing almost certain impeachment and removal from office, Nixon resigned from the presidency. Afterwards, he was issued a pardon by his successor, Gerald Ford who was born with then name Leslie Lynch King Jr. July 14, 1913 Omaha, Nebraska, U.S. Ford will be defeated by Jimmy Carter in 1976 leading to a peace accord in the Middle East and reforms of the CIA. Iran falling to its nationalist movement will spark rage sweeping in Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush, and later George W. Bush, and then the Bush Nixon Rockefeller planned Barrack Obama Jr., all tied to the CIA Cabal.
Daniel Ellseberg a think tank worker for the Rand Cooperation worked on Robert F. Kennedy’s 1968 Presidential Campaign. He was shaving when he heard then Senator Robert F. Kennedy had been killed. He tears made tiny paths through his shaving cream as he sat on the edge of his bed.. -Lisa Peace A Lie Too Big To Fail.
The clash over Regime Change was one BY the CIA camp that conducts Regime Change because it conducted Regime Change in the USA favoring Great Brittan’s Imperial structures over US Constitutonial Charter, Natural Law Philosophy System of debate and consensus and rule of law in republican liberalism and debate.
41st Vice President of the United States under Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (/ˈdʒɛrəld/ JERR-əld;[1] born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913 (Warren Commission member Ford was)
Gernald Ford 40th Vice President of the United States under President Richard Nixon In office as VP December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974 to President Richard Nixon
Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979), sometimes referred to by his nickname Rocky,[1] was an American businessman and politician who served as the 41st vice president of the United States from 1974 to 1977. A member of the Republican Party and wealthy Rockefeller family, he previously served as the 49th governor of New York from 1959 to 1973. He also served as assistant secretary of State for American Republic Affairs for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman (1944–1945) as well as under secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) under Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1954. In 1980, HEW split into 2 cabinet level agencies: Health & Human Services (HHS) & Department of Education. A grandson of Standard Oil founder John D. Rockefeller, he was a noted art collector and served as administrator of Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York City.
The Checkers speech or Fund speech was an address made on September 23, 1952, by Senator Richard Nixon (R–CA), six weeks before the 1952 United States presidential election, in which he was the Republican nominee for Vice President. Nixon had been accused of improprieties relating to a fund established by his backers to reimburse him for his political expenses. His place was in doubt on the Republican ticket, so he flew to Los Angeles and delivered a half-hour television address in which he defended himself, attacked his opponents, and urged the audience to contact the Republican National Committee (RNC) to tell it whether he should remain on the ticket. During the speech, he stated that he intended to keep one gift, regardless of the outcome: a black-and-white Cocker Spaniel that his children had named Checkers, thus giving the address its popular name.
Nixon came from a family of modest means, as he related in the address, and he had spent his time after law school in the military, campaigning for office, and serving in Congress. After his successful 1950 Senate campaign, his backers continued to raise money to finance his political activities. These contributions went to reimburse him for travel costs, postage for political mailings which he did not have franked, and similar expenses. Such a fund was not illegal at the time, but Nixon had made a point of attacking government corruption which exposed him to charges that he might be giving special favors to the contributors.
The press became aware of the fund in September 1952, two months after Nixon’s selection as General Dwight D. Eisenhower‘s running mate, and the story quickly grew until it threatened his place on the ticket. In an attempt to turn the tide of public opinion, Nixon broke off a whistle-stop tour of the West Coast to fly to Los Angeles and make a television and radio broadcast to the nation; the RNC raised the $75,000 to buy the television time. The idea for the Checkers reference came from Franklin D. Roosevelt‘s Fala speech, given eight years to the day before Nixon’s address, in which Roosevelt mocked Republican claims that he had sent a destroyer to fetch his dog, Fala, when Fala was supposedly left behind in the Aleutian Islands.
Nixon’s speech was seen and heard by about 60 million Americans, including the largest television audience to that time, and it led to an outpouring of public support. The RNC and other political offices received millions of telegrams and phone calls supporting Nixon. He was retained on the ticket, which swept to victory weeks later in November 1952. The Checkers speech was an early example of a politician using television to appeal directly to the electorate, but it has sometimes been mocked or denigrated. The term Checkers speech has come more generally to mean any emotional speech by a politician, lacking material substance.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkers_speech
The five men arrested in the Watergate Breakin were Bernard L. Barker, Virgilio Gonzalez, Eugenio Martinez, James W. McCord Jr., and Frank Sturgis.[1]
Frank Anthony Sturgis (December 9, 1924 – December 4, 1993), born Frank Angelo Fiorini, was one of the five Watergate burglars whose capture led to the end of the presidency of Richard Nixon.[1] He served in several branches of the United States military and in the Cuban Revolution of 1958, and worked as an undercover operative for the Central Intelligence Agency.[2] thought to be one of the Three Hobos (or if you prefer Three Tramps) hidden in a railroad car with military high power rifle. Like E. Howard Hunt Frank Sturgis is pictured as one of the Three Hobos (or three tramps) arrested in the railroad car.
Bernard Leon Barker (March 17, 1917 – June 5, 2009) was a Watergate burglar and undercover operative in CIA-directed plots to overthrow Cuban leader Fidel Castro.
Virgilio “Villo” R. González (May 18, 1926 – July 16, 2014) was a Cuban-born political activist, locksmith, and one of the five men arrested at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex on June 17, 1972. The break-in led to the Watergate scandal and the eventual resignation of United States President Richard Nixon two years later. Due to his skills as a locksmith and his connection to Eugenio Martínez, González was recruited to the crew of Watergate burglars.
Eugenio Rolando Martínez Careaga[1] (alias Musculito, July 8, 1922 – January 30, 2021) was a member of the anti-Castro movement in the early 1960s, and later was one of the five men recruited by G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt in 1972 for the Memorial Day weekend Watergate burglary at the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters in Washington, D.C. He later worked as a real estate agent.[2]
Weeks after the initial break-in, on June 17, 1972, the men were arrested by District of Columbia Police inside DNC headquarters during what they said was a second entry into the building to correct problems with the first break-in. Martinez and the others were convicted in the ensuing Watergate scandal. The others were Frank Sturgis, Virgilio Gonzalez, Bernard Barker and James McCord. After completing his 15 month prison term,[3] Martinez was pardoned by President Ronald Reagan in 1983.[4] Martínez was the only person aside from Nixon to receive a pardon for his role in the scandal.[3]
James Walter McCord Jr. (January 26, 1924 – June 15, 2017)[2] was an American CIA officer, later head of security for President Richard Nixon‘s 1972 reelection campaign. He was involved as an electronics expert in the burglaries which precipitated the Watergate scandal.[3]
McCord was born in Waurika, Oklahoma.[4][5] He served as a bombardier with the rank of second lieutenant in the Army Air Forces during World War II.[6] He briefly attended Baylor University before receiving a B.B.A. from the University of Texas at Austin in 1949.[7] In 1965, he received an M.S. in international affairs from George Washington University.[7][8] After beginning his career at the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), McCord worked for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), ultimately ascending to the GS-15 directorship of the Agency’s Office of Security.[9]
For a period of time, he was in charge of physical security at the Agency’s Langley headquarters.[10] According to Russ Baker, then-Director of Central Intelligence Allen Dulles once introduced McCord to an Air Force colonel as “the best man we have”.[11]
In 1961, under his direction, a counter-intelligence program was launched against the Fair Play for Cuba Committee.[12] He also held the rank of lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force Reserve.[13]
Watergate scandal[edit]
Shortly after resigning from the CIA, McCord was interviewed and then hired by Jack Caulfield in January 1972 “for strict, solely defensive security work at the Republican National Committee (RNC) and the Committee to Re-Elect the President (CRP).”[14] Some of the money from this contract came from the RNC, which was led by Bob Dole who was called “Nixon’s Doberman pinscher” and a Republican Party fixer, and was used during the Watergate scandal.[15][16] He and four other accomplices were arrested during the second break-in to the Democratic National Committee‘s headquarters at the Watergate complex on June 17, 1972. The arrests led to the Watergate scandal and Nixon’s resignation.
McCord asserted that the White House knew of and approved the break ins, and proceeded to cover up the incident. Because of McCord’s statements, the Watergate investigators pursued many more leads.[14]
McCord was one of the first men convicted in the Watergate criminal trial; on eight counts of conspiracy, burglary and wiretapping. On March 21, 1973, three days before sentencing, McCord, after speaking to a probation officer and thus surmising that he might be facing a lengthy prison sentence, submitted a letter to the judge in the case, John Sirica, in which he claimed that he and the other defendants had committed perjury in their trial and that there was pressure from higher up for them to have done so.[17] On March 23, the day of the sentencing, Sirica sentenced the other defendants provisionally, citing a statute that allowed for maximum sentences of several decades as a means to “research” more information needed for the final sentencing. This was a means to pressure the defendants into revealing more information about the burglary.[18] McCord’s sentencing was postponed until June and then postponed again. Finally, in November 1973, McCord was sentenced to from one to five years [19] and began serving his sentence in March 1975, but was released after only four months because of his cooperation in the Watergate investigation.[20][21]
Other CRP (Creep) SIU conspirators
At the behest of Liddy and E. Howard Hunt, McCord and his team of burglars prepared for their first Watergate break-in, which began on May 28.[2
St. John Hunt observes his father is the photo described as The Three Tramps (or Hobos) who were arrested during the assasination of JFK and St. John Hunt and Edward Paul Donegan and others assert covering up the JFK hit by the Rockefeller Republicans was why SIU was going after 1961 to 1068 Kennnedy Admin.
George Gordon Battle Liddy (November 30, 1930 – March 30, 2021) was an American lawyer, FBI agent, talk show host, actor, and convicted felon in the Watergate scandal as the chief operative in the White House Plumbers unit during the Nixon administration. Liddy was convicted of conspiracy, burglary, and illegal wiretapping for his role in the scandal.[1]
Working alongside E. Howard Hunt, Liddy organized and directed the burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate building in May and June 1972. After five of Liddy’s operatives were arrested inside the DNC offices on June 17, 1972, subsequent investigations of the Watergate scandal led to Nixon’s resignation in 1974. Liddy was convicted of burglary, conspiracy, and refusing to testify to the Senate committee investigating Watergate. He served nearly 52 months in federal prisons.[2]
He later joined with Timothy Leary for a series of debates on multiple college campuses, and similarly worked with Al Franken in the late 1990s. Liddy served as a radio talk show host from 1992 until his retirement on July 27, 2012.[3] His radio show as of 2009 was syndicated in 160 markets by Radio America and on both Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite Radio stations in the United States.[4] He was a guest panelist for Fox News Channel in addition to appearing in a cameo role or as a guest celebrity talent on several television shows.
College, military, law school[edit]
Liddy was educated at Fordham University, graduating in 1952.[6] While at Fordham he was a member of the National Society of Pershing Rifles. Following graduation, Liddy joined the United States Army, serving for two years as an artillery officer during the Korean War. He was assigned to an antiaircraft radar unit in Brooklyn for medical reasons.[5][6] In 1954, he was admitted to the Fordham University School of Law,[6] earning a position on the Fordham Law Review.[9] After graduating in 1957, he worked for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) under J. Edgar Hoover.[6]
FBI[edit]
The filing cabinet of the psychiatrist of Nixon administration “enemy” Daniel Ellsberg who leaked the Pentagon Papers, broken into by Liddy and others in 1971, on display in the Smithsonian National Museum of American History
Liddy joined the FBI in 1957,[1] initially serving as a field agent in Indiana and Denver.[10] In Denver, on September 10, 1960, Liddy apprehended Ernest Tait, one of two persons to be a two-time Ten Most Wanted fugitive.[10] At age 29, Liddy became the youngest[11] bureau supervisor at FBI headquarters in Washington, D.C. A protege of deputy director Cartha DeLoach,[1] Liddy became part of director J. Edgar Hoover‘s personal staff and became his ghostwriter.[11] Among his fellow agents he had a reputation for recklessness[1][12][13] and was known primarily for two incidents.[14] The first was an arrest in Kansas City, Missouri, during a black bag job; he was released after calling Clarence M. Kelley, former FBI agent and chief of the Kansas City Police.[1][14] The second was running an FBI background check on his future wife before their marriage in 1957,[1][14] which Liddy later referred to as “purely a routine precautionary measure”.[15]
Before leaving the FBI in 1962, Liddy pursued his contacts for bar admissions. Furthermore, his admission to the United States Supreme Court was moved by Solicitor General Archibald Cox.[16][17]
Prosecutor and politician[edit]
Liddy resigned from the FBI in 1962 and worked under his father as a patent attorney in New York City until 1966. He was then hired by District Attorney Raymond Baratta as a prosecutor in exurban Dutchess County, New York, after providing references from the FBI.[11]
In 1971, after serving in several positions in the Nixon administration, Liddy was moved to Nixon’s 1972 re-election campaign in order to extend the scope and reach of the White House Plumbers “special investigations unit”, which had been created in response to damaging leaks of information to the press.[21]
At CRP, Liddy concocted several plots in early 1972, collectively known under the title “Operation Gemstone“. Some of these were far-fetched, intended to embarrass the Democratic opposition.[22] These included kidnapping anti-war protest organizers and transporting them to Mexico during the Republican National Convention (which at the time was planned for San Diego), as well as luring mid-level Democratic campaign officials to a house boat in Miami, where they would be secretly photographed in compromising positions with prostitutes. Most of Liddy’s ideas were rejected by Attorney General John N. Mitchell (who became campaign manager in March 1972), but a few were given the go-ahead by Nixon administration officials, including the 1971 break-in at Daniel Ellsberg‘s psychiatrist’s office in Los Angeles. Ellsberg had leaked the Pentagon Papers to The New York Times.[23] At some point, Liddy was instructed to break into the Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate Complex.[24]
Watergate burglaries[edit]
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Main article: Watergate scandal
Liddy was the Nixon administration liaison and leader of the group of five men who broke into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate Complex. At least two separate entries were made in May and June 1972; the burglars were apprehended on June 17.[25] The purposes of the break-in were never conclusively established. The burglars sought to place wiretaps and planned to photograph documents. Their first attempt had led to improperly-functioning recording devices being installed. Liddy did not actually enter the Watergate Complex at the time of the burglaries; rather, he admitted to supervising the second break-in which he coordinated with E. Howard Hunt, from a room in the adjacent Howard Johnson Hotel. Liddy was convicted of conspiracy, burglary, and illegal wiretapping.[26]
Liddy was sentenced to a 20-year prison term and was ordered to pay $40,000 in fines. He began serving the sentence on January 30, 1973.
President Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act, creating the Department of Defense, the National Security Council, the Joint Chiefs of Staff — and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
After JFK was killed, ex-president Harry Truman called for CIA abolition
69 Comments / Aftermath, Assassination, Best of, In 1963 / By Jefferson Morley
“For some time I have been disturbed by the way the CIA has been diverted from its original assignment,” wrote former president Harry Truman in the Washington Post on December 22, 1963. It was exactly one month after the assassination of President Kennedy.CLICK HERE TO BUY A BOOK SIGNED BY JEFFERSON MORLEY
Truman v CIA
Harry Truman’s complaint
“It has become an operational and at times a policy-making arm of the Government. This has led to trouble and may have compounded our difficulties in several explosive areas,” Truman wrote.The former president never explicitly linked JFK’s death to the clandestine service, but the timing and venue of his piece was suggestive.
Why Truman spoke
Already Soviet bloc news outlets were speculating Kennedy’s murder—and the murder of the only suspect while in police custody—pointed to U.S. government involvement in the assassination.Truman addressed the allegations obliquely.
“This quiet intelligence arm of the President has been so removed from its intended role that it is being interpreted as a symbol of sinister and mysterious foreign intrigue—and subject for cold war enemy propaganda,” Truman wrote.
Truman said he knew the first two directors of the CIA and called them “men of the highest character, patriotism and integrity.” He added he could only assume the same about “all those who continue in charge.”
But he had stiff words for the agency’s leaders. He said the CIA’s “operational duties” should “be terminated.”
In short, JFK’s assassination prompted Truman to call for the CIA’s abolition.
There can be little doubt that the circumstances of Kennedy’s murder prompted Truman’s radical proposal. The former president, living in Missouri, began writing his Post article nine days after Kennedy was killed, according to an excellent 2009 piece by former CIA officer Ray McGovern (who says he was relying on JFK researcher Ray Marcus).
In handwritten notes found at the Truman Library, the former president noted, among other things, that the CIA had worked as he intended only “when I had control.”
Dulles v. Truman
Allen Dulles
Former CIA director Allen Dulles tried and failed to change Truman’s story
Four months later, former CIA director Allen Dulles paid Truman a visit. Dulles tried to get Truman to retract what he had written in the Post.“No dice, said Truman,” according to McGovern/Marcus.
But four days later, in a formal memo for Lawrence Houston, the CIA’s general counsel, Dulles fabricated a retraction. He claimed that Truman told him the Washington Post article was “all wrong,” and that Truman “seemed quite astounded at it.”
Truman denied it. In a June 10, 1964, letter to Look magazine, Truman restated his critique of covert action, emphasizing that he never intended the CIA to get involved in “strange activities.”
As the country grieved JFK’s death and suspicions of conspiracy mounted, many current and former U.S. officials publicly rallied around the official story that Oswald had killed JFK alone and unaided.
But privately many people familiar with the workings of the CIA had their doubts. Truman’s article was one of the earliest expression of those doubts. Others would follow.
————–
COME BACK TOMORROW FOR JFK STORY #18: The JFK cover-up began at a heated meeting at CIA headquarters on Christmas Eve 1963
CLICK HERE TO BUY A BOOK SIGNED BY JEFFERSON MORLEY
OR BUY HIS EBOOK, CIA & JFK
CIA & JFK
“I never would have agreed to the formulation of the Central Intelligence Agency back in forty-seven, if I had known it would become the American Gestapo.”
~ Harry S. Truman
(1884-1972), 33rd US President
Secret Team Growth:
Focal Point Personnel Assuming Broader RolesRatcliffe:Following on from that you write about Dulles being able to “move them up and deeper into their cover jobs.”[1] Would this be a function of them being there longer than the people who would be promoted to something else in time?Prouty: Yes. When we put them in other departments and agencies, they might be somebody’s assistant. Then they’ve been there for three years and the man who was above them, who was probably a political appointee, leaves. That agency might move this man up. Or when a newer political appointee comes, he has no knowledge that this man is really from CIA. He’s just a strong person in his office and he gives him a broader role.
Sometimes these people were working in another agency so long we nearly forgot them. One man I know was in FAA and we needed his work to help us with FAA as a focal point there. He’d been there so long the FAA had him in a very big, very responsible job, where probably 90% of his duties were regular FAA work. A very effective individual. When we needed him to help us with some of our activities on the covert side of things, he was in a much better position to handle this than he had been originally.
This happened with quite a few of them. That’s why I say in the case of Frank Hand, he had been in the Defense Department so long he was able to handle major operations that weren’t ever visualized at the time he was assigned. This carries over into many other areas. I pointed out that the Office of Special Operations under General Erskine had the responsibility for the National Security Agency as well as CIA contacts, and the State Department, and so on. And as we filled up these positions, some of them became dominant in some of those organizations, such as NSA.
Early people in this program have created quite a career for themselves in other work. For instance, a young man in this system was Major Haig. Major Al Haig. He went up through the system. He was working as a deputy to the Army’s cleared Focal Point Officer for Agency support matters who was the General Counsel in the Army, a man named Joe Califano — a very prominent lawyer today. Later when the General Counsel of the Army was moved up into the office of Secretary of Defense — in McNamara’s office — he carried with him this then Lieutenant Colonel Al Haig. During the Johnson Administration, Califano and Haig both moved to the White House. Then during the Nixon time, Haig with all his experience in this highly classified system, and already having been in the White House, worked with Kissinger.
You can see that it was this attachment through the covert side which gave Haig his ability to do an awful lot of things that people didn’t understand, because he had this whole team behind him. To be even more up-to-date, there was a Major Secord in our system. And Major Secord is the same General Richard Secord you’ve been reading about in the Iran-Contra business.
A lot of these people worked right up into the White House. And there were these same assigned people even at the White House level that actually were working on this CIA covert work rather than the jobs that they seemed to hold, that the public understood was the job that they were working for. It’s a much more effective system than people have thought it was.
Ratcliffe: In the last sentence you said:
Today, the role of the CIA is performed by an ad hoc organization that is much greater in size, strength, and resources than the CIA has ever been visualized to be.[2]
(You alluded to this before.) What is your sense of what this ad hoc organization encompasses today?
Prouty: There is no law, there is no structure, for covert operations. The Government didn’t confront that in 1947 when they wrote the law. There has been no revision of the law to accommodate that. There have been decisions by the National Security Council which do assign covert operations, primarily to CIA but, on a time-to-time basis.
In fact, one of the strongest of these papers — the designation was NSC 10/2 — was in my files early in the business back in 1955. And I remember that on the side of the paper — written in pencil and in his own hand, President Eisenhower had written that any time a decision had been made for the Defense Department to support the agency with arms, equipment, money, people, bases, etc., that the equipment was to be limited to that one time only and afterwards withdrawn. He did not want the CIA to create a capability that was on-going. He was very specific about it.
That was 1955. Those things change with the times. And they got more powerful and more powerful. And because of that kind of growth, you don’t have the legal structure, you don’t have the approved structure to deal with it. It’s an ad hoc creation. Probably the strongest ad hoc creation in our government today.
Ratcliffe: Again focusing on this Dulles-Jackson-Correa report you write:
The CIA has the authority, or at least it is given the authority by other Government agencies, to create cover organizations within other parts of the Government. This is one of the key tasks that the old Dulles-Jackson-Correa report set out to accomplish.[3]
How is it that other Government agencies give the CIA the authority to create CIA cover organizations within themselves?
Prouty: It’s more simple than you visualize. All of the Government is willing to cooperate with and work with other parts of the Government at any time. If it was the Department of Agriculture, we’d never have any trouble working with them, and so on. So we understand that — that’s a given, in the beginning. But, what we would do is have a top-level meeting either with Allen Dulles or somebody like Dick Helms or Frank Wisner or one of those people. We’d pay a call directly on the head of this department and since I’ve mentioned it before, I’ll say the FAA.
We might go to the Administrator for the Federal Aviation Administration and say, `Look, it’s necessary from time to time that the CIA has to operate aircraft perhaps a little differently than your regulations specify because we’re doing a clandestine operation. Or perhaps we have to have two aircraft with the same number on them at the same time; so that one can cover another during a covert operation. So if that ever turns up on one of your control towers that an airplane lands this morning and its tail number is l234; another plane comes in this afternoon of the same type and its tail number is 1234, don’t do anything about it. It’s a covert operation that we’re operating.’ And they would agree to it. They’d say, `Fine.’
Then Mr. Dulles would say, `I’d like to assign a person to your administration as a Focal Point Officer, so that if anything comes up like this, anybody in the FAA will contact that man or vice-versa, he’ll contact them ahead of time to say, We’re running this kind of a covert mission, and you people will know about it.’ We never ran into a problem with that. And if the workload was heavy, we’d augment that man; he’d have two people, three people. Or if it was something that was going to last for three months, or six months, we might put ten people there and when we went to take the ten people back, we might take five back and leave five there.
In this way, over a period of years, what had started as just a simple Focal Point office became a very large one. When I created Team B in the Air Force as a Focal Point office, I had one assistant and one secretary, In short order, I had several thousand people around the world. Such activities grow by the job.
Obtaining Everything Money Can Buy:
The CIA Act of 1949 and
Secretary of Defense Johnson’s paper on Covert OperationsRatcliffe:This is tied in with all the rest as of course discussions of the CIA would be: concerning the fact that the National Security Act of 1947 was quite strict with reference to money for the CIA, please discuss the impact of the CIA Act of 1949 which made it possible for the Agency to have “no trouble at all getting adequate funds.”[4]Prouty: The secret of covert operations is the control of money. And that begins with having a good-sized account. This includes the ability to use it throughout the Government. By 1949, the CIA was able to convince Congress that many of the things it was doing were perfectly legitimate and that many of these legitimate activities cost money because they were paying for people in other Government agencies, they were paying their salaries. As I said when General Lemay promoted Lansdale to be General, it didn’t cost the Air Force anything. His paycheck came from CIA. The Air Force paycheck would be torn up. It would go to a certain office where they would destroy it so it didn’t cost the Air Force anything.
In 1949, the then-Secretary of Defense, a man named Louis Johnson, wrote a very important paper with respect to covert operations. He said that the Department of Defense would fully support the CIA in any of its approved covert operations, provided that the CIA would reimburse the Department of Defense for all `out-of-pocket’ costs. They wouldn’t have to reimburse for the purchase price of an aircraft because the Air Force had already spent that money. But they would have to reimburse for the cost of operating that aircraft, for the cost of any other facilities required, and even for the salaries of crews that were assigned to that aircraft over a period of time.
This philosophy of reimbursement is very important in covert operations because it keeps bills from appearing in public that would stir up questions about why this money spent was when it wasn’t spent for the line items in the budget. Thus when we created the Tab-6 system we worked this reimbursement system in throughout so that you never saw the spending of any money. The Air Force never spent any money on the CIA operations, technically. The money was immediately transferred through a comptroller’s office arrangement up in the office of the Comptroller of the Secretary of Defense. And that expenditure was, actually, Agency money.
Within a few years, the Agency was able to point out to Congress that a lot of money was flowing in that channel because, effectively, they were paying for the utilization of very high cost equipment: aircraft, submarines, even aircraft carriers in a few places. Very expensive things to operate on a reimbursable basis. So based on that, the agency began to get a much larger budget.
Then when they went into the U-2 and the space programs that budget grew considerably. And it was a completely classified budget and almost non-accountable as the DCI has the authority to spend that money simply on his signature. He doesn’t have to account for it. It’s a rare thing in the budget process, but the Congress goes along with that, for the CIA.
As a result, because of the law of 1949 which permitted this activity, and the letter from Secretary Louis Johnson — the policy statement that we would carry out all our work on a reimbursable basis with other departments and agencies of the government then following that procedure — the Agency was allocated considerable amounts of money after 1949 and it was under their own control.
Employing the System of Reimbursement
To Fund Unaccountable ActivitiesRatcliffe:Could you comment on the fact then, that, quoting from the book:. . . more important than the dollars the Agency gets is what it can do with those dollars to make them cover all sorts of research, development, procurement, real estate ventures, stockpiles, and anything else money will buy, including tens of thousands of people who do not show on any official rosters.[5]
Prouty: One of the most interesting developments with the use of this horizontal application of money, or reimbursement, is that it can be used to pay salaries without explaining that it was for salaries — it was just an expenditure of money. The DCI would sign it off as an “expense”, but it might have paid for the salaries of a hundred people. I don’t know how familiar you are with the way the Government handles its people, but each department and agency has a certain stated number of people that are budgeted for because they have to be paid every year, their pensions have to be paid, some of them have insurance and other obligations of the Government, so they’re very carefully monitored. This is one of the few places in the Government where money equals people. And if you’re paying people, well say, $20,000 a year, and you spend $100,000 for five people, the CIA $100,000 did not say it was for five people whereas all the rest of the Government did. And this enabled us to put people into programs that were not visible.
If you carry it out to other things, the same way we were able to buy aircraft that were not visible, we were able to buy radars that were not visible. So that the money in this method of operation is truly concealed in a budget without anybody knowing — Congress doesn’t know where it is and I don’t think they’ve ever made the attempt to try to find out where it is. They allocate a bulk sum and then just sit back.
There’s no end to the things you can do with government money that way. The Agency, during my period of operation with them, for instance, had an account with the big banks on Wall Street that is like Cede Incorporated, “street name” accounts. I don’t know whether you’re familiar with that finance term or not, but one of the biggest of the street name accounts is Cede Incorporated, C-e-d-e. This is where money is that’s between transactions on the stock market. It’s got to be somewhere. So, they assign it to Cede and Company. Well, Cede is nobody; it’s just under control of the major banks and the money’s flowing. But while it’s flowing, it has to belong to somebody, especially if it’s in big numbers.
The CIA had, and may still have, a street name called “Suydam”, S-u-y-d-a-m. When money was in the Suydam Account — I don’t think the financiers knew it, maybe a few did — it was CIA’s money. Because in order to cover some of the activities they did — like for example, operating Air America — they would have to do some overt commercial work as cover for their clandestine work. They had quite an income from this huge air line. And that money would be put into the Suydam account.
It interested me at one point, when I had a breakdown on the Suydam account, to find out that an awful lot of CIA money had been invested in a major supermarket chain in this country. In today’s world, they might have been able to take over the operation of the supermarket. But it was just a quick place to put money that the CIA had made and would spend later in their own operations. And it got to be very large amounts of money at times. By law it ought to have been transferred to the U.S. Treasury.
If I were in Congress today, I’d take a look at that. Sometimes when you hear about large sums of money being handled for the “Contras” or received from the sale of items to the Iranians, you begin to realize there is an awful lot of potential for money to be handled without an accounting. We saw that back in the days when we did account for it. And I think people would be surprised to find out that it was such a large activity.
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Dynastic Successions Book 
